Since its initial approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 20 years ago for the treatment of strabismus, hernifacial spasm, and blepharospasm in adults, botulinum toxin (BTX) has become one of the most frequently requested products in cosmetic rejuvenation around the world. After years of clinical success and consistent safety in the upper face, the use of BTX has expanded and evolved to include increasingly complicated indications. In the hands of adept injectors, the focus has shifted from the treatment of individual dynamic rhytides to shaping, contouring, and sculpting, alone or in combination with other cosmetic procedures, to enhance the aesthetic appearance of the face. Although recent reports have questioned the safety of BTX, 25 years of therapeutic and over 20 years of cosmetic use has demonstrated an impressive record of safety and efficacy when used appropriately by experienced injectors.
机构:
Chinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Peking Union Med Coll, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Jia, Zhenhua
Lu, Haibin
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机构:
Chinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Peking Union Med Coll, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Lu, Haibin
Yang, Xiaonan
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机构:
Chinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Peking Union Med Coll, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Yang, Xiaonan
Jin, Xiaolei
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机构:
Chinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Peking Union Med Coll, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Jin, Xiaolei
Wu, Rongwei
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Chinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Peking Union Med Coll, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Wu, Rongwei
Zhao, Jingyi
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机构:
Chinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Peking Union Med Coll, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Zhao, Jingyi
Chen, Lulu
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Chinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Peking Union Med Coll, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Chen, Lulu
Qi, Zuoliang
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Chinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
Peking Union Med Coll, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci, Plast Surg Hosp, Dept 16, 33 Badachu Rd, Beijing 100144, Peoples R China
机构:
Hosp Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Cosmetol Dept, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China
Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, 39 Shi Er Qiao Rd, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, Peoples R ChinaHosp Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Cosmetol Dept, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China
Cai, Xingrui
Zhang, Ying
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Hosp Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Cosmetol Dept, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China
Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, 39 Shi Er Qiao Rd, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, Peoples R ChinaHosp Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Cosmetol Dept, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China
Zhang, Ying
Cheng, Fengrui
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Hosp Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Cosmetol Dept, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China
Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, 39 Shi Er Qiao Rd, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, Peoples R ChinaHosp Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Cosmetol Dept, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China