Manifold method with complete first order displacement function on physical cover

Complete first order displacement function is used on physical covers of manifold element. The analyzing formulas for numerical implementation are presented for the first time in this paper. A continuous stress distribution is obtained through projection techniques proposed by Zienkiewicz et al so that results can be compared with those published. Two examples are investigated and the numerical results show that a high accuracy can be achieved by the adoption of the function on physical covers.