Kolmogorov on the role of randomness in probability theory

In this paper, I discuss the extent to which Kolmogorov drew upon von Mises' work in addressing the problem of why probability is applicable to events in the real world, which I refer to as the problem of the applicability of probability, or the applicability problem for short. In particular, I highlight the role of randomness in Kolmogorov's account, and I argue that this role differs significantly from the role that randomness plays in von Mises' account.