Blockade of insulin-like growth factor I receptor function inhibits growth and angiogenesis of colon cancer

Purpose and Experimental Design: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) I and II and their principle receptor, IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), are frequently expressed in human colon cancers and play a role in preventing apoptosis, enhancing cell proliferation, and inducing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To elucidate the in vitro and in vivo effects of IGF-IR in human colon cancer growth and angiogenesis, HT29 cells were transfected with a truncated dominant-negative (DN) form of IGF-IR or vector alone. Results: IGF-I increased VEGF expression in parental and vector-transfected cells, whereas IGF-I induction of VEGF mRNA and protein was abrogated in IGF-IR DN cells. The IGF-IR DN cells demonstrated inhibited growth in both monolayer culture and soft agar (P<0.05). s.c. injections of IGF-IR DN cells in nude mice led to significantly decreased tumor growth (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that IGF-I DN tumors demonstrated decreased tumor cell proliferation, VEGF expression, and vessel count and increased tumor cell apoptosis (P<0.05 for all parameters compared with controls). Furthermore, IGF-IR DN-transfected cells yielded significantly decreased tumorigenicity and growth in the liver. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that the IGF ligand-receptor system plays an important role in multiple mechanisms that mediate human colon cancer growth including regulation of VEGF and angiogenesis.