The impact of heat stress on the immune system in dairy cattle: A review

被引:196
|
作者
Bagath, M. [1 ]
Krishnan, G. [1 ]
Devaraj, C. [1 ]
Rashamol, V. P. [1 ]
Pragna, P. [2 ]
Lees, A. M. [3 ,4 ]
Sejian, V. [1 ]
机构
[1] Nat Inst Anim Nutr & Physiol, ICAR, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
[2] Univ Melbourne, Fac Vet & Agr Sci, Sch Agr & Food, Dookie Coll, Dookie Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3647, Australia
[3] Univ Queensland, Sch Agr & Food Sci, Anim Sci Grp, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia
[4] Univ New England, Sch Environm & Rural Sci, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
关键词
Cell mediated immunity; Climate change; Cortisol; Dairy cattle; Heat stress; Humoral immunity; Nutrition; TEMPERATURE-HUMIDITY INDEX; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; LATE-GESTATION; IN-VITRO; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; NEUROENDOCRINE REGULATION; GLUCOCORTICOID ACTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; DRY PERIOD; RESPONSES;
D O I
10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.011
中图分类号
S85 [动物医学(兽医学)];
学科分类号
0906 ;
摘要
Heat stress is well documented to have a negative influence on livestock productivity and these impacts may be exacerbated by climate change. Dairy cattle can be more vulnerable to the negative effects of heat stress as these adverse impacts may be more profound during pregnancy and lactation. New emerging diseases are usually linked to a positive relationship with climate change and the survival of microrganisms and/or their vectors. These diseases may exaggerate the immune suppression associated with the immune suppressive effect of heat stress that is mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axes. It has been established that heat stress has a negative impact on the immune system via cell mediated and humoral immune responses. Heat stress activates the HPA axis and increases peripheral levels of glucocorticoids subsequently suppressing the synthesis and release of cytokines. Heat stress has been reported to induce increased blood cortisol concentrations which have been shown to inhibit the production of cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, interferon gamma (IFN gamma), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha). The impact of heat stress on the immune responses of dairy cows could be mediated by developing appropriate amelioration strategies through nutritional interventions and cooling management. In addition, improving current animal selection methods and the development of climate resilient breeds may support the sustainability of livestock production systems into the future.
引用
收藏
页码:94 / 102
页数:9
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