Numerical estimation of the wave forces acting on a three-dimensional body on submerged breakwater

Numerical models have been developed to estimate the wave forces acting on a three-dimensional body on a submerged breakwater. These models combine the VOF model and porous body model to simulate the nonlinear wave deformation including wave breaking and its interaction with a porous structure. One model is two-dimensional and is associated with empirical wave force formulae, like the Morison equation. The other one is three-dimensional and does not require any empirical formula or coefficients. Comparison of estimated and measured wave forces shows good agreement, both in two- and three-dimensional model cases, and the present estimation methods are revealed to be powerful tools for estimation of wave force acting on a three-dimensional body, even for breaking wave condition. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.