Distribution Factor Assessment for PEVs Charging Stations with V2G Capability in Power Systems

Increased penetration level of plug-in electrical vehicles (PEVs), necessitates the need for more PEVs charging stations. However, by high penetration of charging stations, distribution power systems may have more challenges, such as high power loss and deteriorated voltage profile. So far, optimal sizing and sitting of charging stations have been utilized to improve the features of the power systems affected by charging stations. While, our studies show that distributed arrangements of charging stations can also play an important role. This role is more highlighted, when vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capability is also considered. To this aim, in this paper, considering total charging and discharging capacities of stations, a factor known as distribution factor is proposed. Then, the effect of different distribution factors, considering grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and V2G modes of PEVs, is discussed. Numerical results verify that distribution factor and hence distributed arrangements of charging stations can affect power loss and voltage profile of the host power system.