Two-step multi-view and multi-label learning with missing label via subspace learning

In multi-view and multi-label learning, each example can be represented by multiple data view features and annotated with a set of discrete non-exclusive labels. Missing label learning is an important branch of multi-label learning, which can handle incomplete labels with annotations. Previous work on multi-label learning with missing labels mainly considered data in a single view representation. Based on intuitive understanding, we propose a Two-step Multi-view and Multi-label Missing Label learning optimization solution(TM3L). The first step is to solve the multi-view learning problem by finding the data representation of the common low-dimensional space of all views through subspace learning. While fully considering the complementary information between multiple views, the different degrees of contribution combined with different views are weighted differently. The second step is to solve the multi-label missing label learning problem by using the label matrix completion method in combination with the kernel extreme learning machine classifier. The kernel extreme learning machine can effectively enhance the robustness of the algorithm to missing labels. The experimental results and analysis on multiple benchmark multi-view and multi-label data sets verify the effectiveness of TM3L compared with the state-of-the-art solutions. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.