Expertise in dynamic environments

被引：61
作者：
Cellier, JM
Eyrolle, H
Marine, C
机构：
[1] UMR CNRS 5551, Maison de la Recherche, Université Toulouse Le Mirail, F - 31 058 Toulouse Cedex, 5, allées A. Machado
来源：
ERGONOMICS | 1997年 / 40卷 / 01期
关键词：
expertise; dynamic environment; monitoring; diagnosis; executive control;
D O I：
10.1080/001401397188350
中图分类号：
T [工业技术];
学科分类号：
08 ;
摘要：
This paper reviews results of comparisons between novice and expert operators in the supervision of dynamic environments. Firstly? the characteristics of expertise and its operational definitions are discussed. Secondly, the main dimensions of the complexity of these environments are described and the difficulties operators have in coping with complexity are examined. Research work carried out in field studies is then overviewed in order to assess the role of expertise in the three components of process control: monitoring, diagnosis and decision-making and executive control. The discussion stresses the convergent results of various studies. In spite of the diversity of task domains and of novice-expert definitions, results converge on three points: experts are better at producing inference, in anticipating, and have a more functional view of the process. Divergent results on directionality of reasoning, depth of knowledge in relation to performance and synchronization of actions are also discussed. Finally, further research trends are outlined.
引用
收藏
页码：28 / 50
页数：23
相关论文
共 103 条
[31]  
COOKE NJ, 1992, PSYCHOLOGY OF EXPERTISE, P29
[32]  
CROSSMAN ERF, 1974, HUMAN OPERATOR PROCE, P25
[33]  
CROSSMAN ERF, 1974, HUMAN OPERATOR PROCE, P51
[34]  
De Keiser V., 1990, FACTEURS HUMAINS FIA, P85
[35]   OPERATOR STRATEGIES IN A DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT IN RELATION TO AN OPERATOR MODEL [J].
DECORTIS, F .
ERGONOMICS, 1993, 36 (11) :1291-1304
[36]  
DECORTIS F, 1988, TRAV HUMAIN, V52, P125
[37]  
DEMONTMOLLIN M, 1985, 2 IFAC IFIF IFORS C
[38]   ERRORS IN PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING AND THE NATURE OF HUMAN INFORMATION-PROCESSING [J].
DORNER, D ;
SCHAUB, H .
APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE, 1994, 43 (04) :433-453
[39]  
DORNER D, 1987, NEW TECHNOLOGY HUMAN, P87
[40]  
Dreyfus H. L., 1992, INTRO SCI COGNITIVES, P352
12345678910