3D printing in orthopedic surgery

The advent of 3D printing in orthopedics has allowed the creation of patient-specific anatomical models, custom-made implants, surgical guides and even bioprinted tissues. This technology has the potential to revolutionize preoperative planning, surgical simulation, and patient-specific surgery, providing orthopedic surgeons with excellent opportunities to increase the precision, customization, and outcomes of their surgical procedures. This is fundamental especially in complex cases such as pelvic fractures, pediatric orthopedic operations and in oncological surgery. Furthermore, a new technology that arises from 3D printing is 3D bioprinting which allows the creation of three-dimensional biological material that can be used as a scaffold and has the potential to regenerate damaged tissues. However, 3D printing has brought new challenges including patient safety, personal data security, and legal considerations that have not yet been resolved. In conclusion, 3D printing has ushered in a new era of customization and precision in orthopedic surgery, offering surgeons and patients new tools to improve medical care. As technology, materials and knowledge continue to evolve, the future offers even more promising prospects for 3D printing-based orthopedic treatments.(Cite this article as: Morda F, Basile G, Villafane JH, Grassi FA, Leigheb M. 3D printing in orthopedic surgery. Chirurgia 2023;36:384-9. DOI: 10.23736/S0394-9508.23.05642-5)