Tripartite entanglement from the cavity with second-order harmonic generation

In this paper, tripartite entanglement among the two pump fields and the second-order harmonic field is established in the process of type-II second-order harmonic generation (SHG) with a triply resonant optical cavity below threshold. A sufficient inseparability criterion for continuous-variable tripartite entanglement proposed by van Loock and Furusawa is used to evaluate the degree of the quadrature-phase-amplitude correlations between the three modes. The dependence of the entanglement on the pump parameter and analysis frequency is also discussed. It is shown that the best entanglement appears at the appropriate pump power and analysis frequency. These three entangled states with different frequencies generated directly from a simple SHG process make the scheme useful for the application in quantum communication and network.