Pacing in World-Class Age Group Swimmers in 100 and 200 m Freestyle, Backstroke, Breaststroke, and Butterfly

被引:16
|
作者
Moser, Cathia [1 ]
Sousa, Caio Victor [2 ]
Olher, Rafael Reis [3 ]
Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theodoros [4 ,5 ]
Knechtle, Beat [6 ,7 ]
机构
[1] Balgrist Univ Hosp, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
[2] Northeastern Univ, Bouve Coll Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[3] Univ Catolica Brasilia, Programa Posgrad Stricto Sensu Educ Fis, BR-72445020 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
[4] Exercise Physiol Lab, Nikaia 18450, Greece
[5] Univ West Attica, Sch Hlth & Caring Sci, Athens 12243, Greece
[6] Univ Hosp Zurich, Inst Primary Care, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
[7] Medbase St Gallen Vadianpl, CH-9001 St Gallen, Switzerland
关键词
world class; age-group; pacing; performance; sex difference; PERFORMANCE TRENDS; CHAMPIONSHIPS; STRATEGIES;
D O I
10.3390/ijerph17113875
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Pacing in swimming has been investigated in pool swimming for elite-standard and age group freestyle swimmers, but little is known about pacing in age group swimmers competing at world class level in backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly. The aim of this study was to investigate pacing for age group swimmers competing at world class level in 100 and 200 m in the four single disciplines (freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly). Data on 18,187 unique finishers competing in four FINA Master World Championships between 2014 and 2019 were analyzed. The sample included 3334 women and 14,853 men. Swimming speed decreased with increasing age (p < 0.05). Freestyle was the fastest and breaststroke the slowest (p < 0.05) stroke. Women and men were faster in 100 m (p < 0.05) than in 200 m. Backstroke was the stroke with the lowest and butterfly with the highest coefficient of variation in swimming speed. One hundred meters had a higher coefficient of variation in swimming speed than breaststroke (p < 0.05). For 100 m, swimming speed decreased for all strokes and all age groups during the second lap. For 200 m, swimming speed was the fastest for all strokes and all age groups during the first lap. In summary, the FINA World Masters Championships presented the unique characteristic that, when all competitors were considered, (i) swimming speed decreased with increasing age, (ii) women and men were faster in 100 m than in 200 m, (iii) freestyle was the fastest stroke and (iv) the largest increase in swimming time for 100 m all strokes and all age groups occurred during the second (out of two) lap and for 200 m, swimming speed was the fastest for all strokes and age groups during the first lap. These findings should help coaches to develop age- and event-tailored pacing strategies.
引用
收藏
页数:10
相关论文
共 32 条
  • [21] An analysis of selected kinematic variables in national and elite male and female 100-m and 200-m breaststroke swimmers
    Thompson, KG
    Haljand, R
    MacLaren, DP
    JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES, 2000, 18 (06) : 421 - 431
  • [22] Associations between load-velocity profiling and race parameters of elite swimmers in the 100 and 200m freestyle events
    Raineteau, Yannis
    Nicolas, Guillaume
    Bideau, Benoit
    Bideau, Nicolas
    Pla, Robin
    FRONTIERS IN SPORTS AND ACTIVE LIVING, 2023, 5
  • [23] Age of peak swim speed and sex difference in performance in medley and freestyle swimming - A comparison between 200 m and 400 m in Swiss elite swimmers
    Vaso, Martin
    Knechtle, Beat
    Rust, Christoph A.
    Rosemann, Thomas
    Lepers, Romuald
    JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT AND EXERCISE, 2013, 8 (04): : 954 - 965
  • [24] Physiological stress against simulated 200-m and 500-m sprints in world-class boat paddlers
    Senakham, Nutcharee
    Punthipayanon, Sirichet
    Senakham, Tanormsak
    Sriyabhaya, Promjit
    Sriramatr, Sonthaya
    Kuo, Chia-Hua
    CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, 2020, 63 (01): : 15 - 20
  • [25] Increased participation and improved performance in age group backstroke master swimmers from 25-29 to 100-104 years at the FINA World Masters Championships from 1986 to 2014
    Unterweger, Chiara M.
    Knechtle, Beat
    Nikolaidis, Pantelis T.
    Rosemann, Thomas
    Ruest, Christoph A.
    SPRINGERPLUS, 2016, 5
  • [26] Competition and Training Strategies for Developing World Class 200-and 400-m Individual Medley Swimmers
    Maria Gonzalez-Rave, Jose
    Antonio del Castillo, Jose
    Santos del Cerro, Jesus
    Hermosilla, Francisco
    Pyne, David B.
    JOURNAL OF HUMAN KINETICS, 2023, 89 (01) : 161 - 169
  • [27] The importance of previous season performance on world-class 200-and 400-m individual medley swimming
    Del Castillo, Jose A.
    Gonzalez-Rave, Jose Maria
    Hermosilla Perona, Francisco
    Santos del Cerro, Jesus
    Pyne, David B.
    BIOLOGY OF SPORT, 2022, 39 (01) : 45 - 51
  • [28] Pacing Strategy of 800 m and 1500 m Freestyle Swimming Finals in the World Championships According to the Performance in Males and Females of Different Age Groups
    Demarie, Sabrina
    Pycke, Jean Renaud
    Pizzuti, Alessia
    Billat, Veronique
    APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL, 2023, 13 (18):
  • [29] The effect of combining HIIT and dry-land training on strength, technique, and 100-m butterfly swimming performance in age-group swimmers: a randomized controlled trial
    Amara, Sofiene
    Hammami, Raouf
    Zacca, Rodrigo
    Mota, Jorge
    Negra, Yassine
    Chortane, Sabri Gaied
    BIOLOGY OF SPORT, 2023, 40 (01) : 85 - 92
  • [30] How 100-m event analyses improve our understanding of world-class men's and women's sprint performance
    Slawinski, J.
    Termoz, N.
    Rabita, G.
    Guilhem, G.
    Dorel, S.
    Morin, J. -B.
    Samozino, P.
    SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS, 2017, 27 (01) : 45 - 54