The effects of IMF programs on U.S. foreign direct investment in the developing world

Given the popular wisdom that the U. S. government influences IMF policies and tends to support the business community, it might be expected that IMF programs benefit U. S. firms abroad and thus borrower nations are attractive destinations for U. S. foreign direct investment (FDI). Surprisingly, no study has tested the impact of IMF loans on U. S. FDI. Controlling for common explanations in the literature, we use a treatment effects model and interviews with IMF staff researchers to investigate whether countries under different kinds of IMF programs receive more U. S. FDI than countries not under IMF arrangements. Using panel data for 126 developing countries from 1980 to 2003, we find that IMF borrowers tend to be more attractive to U. S. investors but not all IMF programs have the same effect. Our findings suggest that differences in loan duration, the extent of borrower input in policy decisions, and loan amounts affect borrowers' leverage with the Fund and the U. S.