Raman Based Hepatocellular Carcinoma Biomarker Detection

Highly sensitive and selective biomarker detection is required for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Disease progression has been shown to correlate with specific fucosylation of a validated HCC serum glycoprotein biomarker, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Carbohydrate binding proteins, such as lectins, can be used as diagnostic indicators for monitoring glycosylation changes during disease progression in hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. We prepared surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, which provide controllable, well-organized nanoparticles on the surface, for the analysis of a fucose binding lectin AAL. The SERS based assay provides fast (<10 s), and reproducible (<5% variation) detection.