Screening of potential biomarkers in the occurrence and development of type 1 diabetes mellitus based on transcriptome analysis

Introduction: The aim of the study was to reveal the mechanisms for the pathogenesis and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Material and methods: Two mRNA expression profiles and two miRNA expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), functional enrichment analyses, pathways, putative targets for DEMs and the miRNA-gene pairs, protein-protein pairs of DEGs, and PPI network were constructed. Results: Based on inRNA expression profiles, 37 and 110 DEGs were identified, and named as DEGs-short and DEGs-long, respectively. Based on niiRNA expression profiles, 15 and six DEMs were identified, and named as DEMs-short and DEMs-long, respectively. DEGs-short were enriched in six GO terms and four pathways, and DEGs-long enriched in 40 GO terms and 10 pathways. Seventeen miRNA-gene pairs for DEMs-short were screened out; hisa-miR-181a and hisa-miR-181c were involved in the most pairs. Twenty pairs for DEMs-long were obtained; hsa-miR-338-3p was involved in all the pairs. KLRD1 was involved in more pairs in the network of DEGs-short. ACTA2 and USP9Y were involved in more pairs in the network of DEGs-long. Conclusions: KLRD1, hisa-miR-181a, and hisa-miR-181c might be pathogenic biomarkers for T1DM, ACTA2, USP9Y, and hsa-miR-338-3p progressive biornarkers of T1DM.