Nonlinear rate-dependent spectral constitutive equation for viscoelastic solids with residual stresses

A spectral constitutive equation for finite strain viscoelastic bodies with residual stresses is developed using spectral invariants, where each spectral invariant has a clear physical meaning. A prototype constitutive equation containing single-variable functions is presented; a function of a single invariant with a clear physical interpretation is easily manageable and is experimentally attractive. The effects of residual stress and viscosity are studied via the results of some boundary value problems, and some of these results are compared with experimental data.