Cardiac electromagnetic imaging as an inverse problem

Although superb technologies exist for noninvasive depiction of tissue anatomy and acquisition of bioelectromagnetic signals, uniting these inputs to effect noninvasive imaging of cardiac electrophysiology is confounded by the severe ill-posedness of the problem. However, recognition and exploitation of sequential broken symmetries inherent in the epicardial potential imaging formulation and the role of topological features of depolarization in the cardiac activation imaging formulation allow more efficient processing of the available information into images of cardiac electrical activity. This paper presents resulting preferred algorithmic structures for imaging epicardial potential and myocardial activation using noninvasive electromagnetic measurements.