Laboratory water-window x-ray microscopy

被引:45
|
作者
Kordel, Mikael [1 ]
Dehlinger, Aurelie [2 ,3 ]
Seim, Christian [2 ,3 ]
Vogt, Ulrich [1 ]
Fogelqvist, Emelie [1 ,5 ]
Sellberg, Jonas A. [1 ]
Stiel, Holger [3 ,4 ]
Hertz, Hans M. [1 ]
机构
[1] KTH Royal Inst Technol, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Appl Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[2] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Opt & Atom Phys, Hardenbergstr 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
[3] Berlin Lab Innovat Xray Technol BLiX, Hardenbergstr 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
[4] Max Born Inst MBI, Max Born Str 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
[5] Eclipse Opt, Vasagatan 52, S-11120 Stockholm, Sweden
来源
OPTICA | 2020年 / 7卷 / 06期
关键词
LIQUID-JET TARGET; BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS; CONTACT MICROSCOPY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; PLASMA; TRANSMISSION; EMISSION; NM; SYNCHROTRON;
D O I
10.1364/OPTICA.393014
中图分类号
O43 [光学];
学科分类号
070207 ; 0803 ;
摘要
Soft x-ray microscopy in the water window (similar to 285-535 eV) is an emerging and unique tool for 2D and 3D imaging of unstained intact cellular samples in their near-native state with few-10-nm detail. However, present microscopes rely on the high x-ray brightness of synchrotron-radiation sources. Having access to water-window microscopy in the home laboratory would increase the impact and extend the applicability of the method. In the present paper, we review three decades of efforts to build laboratory water-window microscopes and conclude that the method is now reaching the maturity to allow biological studies. The instruments as well as their key components are quantitatively and qualitatively compared. We find that the brightness and the reliability of the laboratory source are the most critical parameters, but that the optics as well as the sample preparation also must be optimized to enable high-resolution imaging with adequate exposure times. We then describe the two sister microscopes in Stockholm and Berlin, which allow reliable high-resolution biological imaging with short exposure times of a few tens of seconds in 2D and a few tens of minutes in 3D. They both rely on a liquid-jet laser-plasma source combined with high-reflectivity normal-incidence multilayer condenser optics, high-resolution zone-plate imaging optics, CCD detection, and cryogenic sample handling. Finally, we present several examples of biological imaging demonstrating the unique properties of these instruments. (C) 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
引用
收藏
页码:658 / 674
页数:17
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