Obesity and Associated Health Disparities Among Understudied Multiracial, Pacific Islander, and American Indian Adults

Objective: This study examined the state of obesity, diabetes, and associated health disparities among understudied multiracial, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI), and American Indian and Alaskan Native (AIAN) adults. Methods: Aggregated data for 184,617 adults from the California Health Interview Survey (2005 to 2011) were analyzed to determine obesity, diabetes, poor/fair health, and physical disability prevalence by racial group. Logistic regressions controlling for age, gender, and key social determinants (education, marital status, poverty, health insurance) generated multiracial, NHOPI, and AIAN adults' odds ratios (ORs) for our targeted health conditions versus non-Hispanic white adults. Results: Obesity, diabetes, and other targeted health conditions were highly prevalent among multiracial, NHOPI, and AIAN adults, who displayed significantly greater adjusted odds than non-Hispanic white adults for obesity (ORs51.2-1.9), diabetes (ORs51.6-2.4), poor/fair health (ORs51.4-1.7), and, with the exception of NHOPI adults, physical disability (ORs51.5-1.6). Multiracial and AIAN adults with obesity also had significantly higher adjusted odds of diabetes (OR51.5-2.6) than non-Hispanic white adults with obesity. Conclusions: Multiracial, NHOPI, and AIAN adults experience striking obesity-related disparities versus non-Hispanic white adults, urging further disparities research with these vulnerable minority populations.