Reconsidering ethical issues about "voluntary egg donors" in Hwang's case in global context

In the scandal around Korean stem cell scientist Woo-Suk Hwang, the inappropriate collection of human eggs as research material, fabricated data on ES cells obtained through somatic cell nuclear transfer, and fraudulent fundraising were condemned as legal and ethical transgressions. Among the criticisms, the donation of eggs by many women became a big issue. Some of the women were motivated by financial compensation or in-kind support, while others decided to donate their eggs without payment, being convinced that the research would bring therapy for thus far incurable patients, a promise unfulfilled. Regardless of the multiple reports published to articulate why the Hwang scandal happened in South Korea, we realized during our ethnographical fieldwork in that country that it would be meaningful to consider the ethical issues in a global context. In this paper, we focus on the motivations of the South Korean women who donated their eggs voluntarily as research materials, and aim to understand it in a more general context. We point out that not only their love of family but also other altruistic motivations for donating eggs are affected by the attitudes revealed in their narratives. Finally, we argue that there is a serious bioethical issue when a social environment of sick or disabled people makes women decide to help these individuals by donating eggs.