Tunnelling and technological progress in tunnelling in China

In China, the successful technological progress along with large scale of tunnel construction during the second half of the 20-century is encouraging. Stages of tunneling development in China are described in this paper, and statistics data are shown as well. Some significant projects and metro engineering in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou are taken in this paper for introducing successful development of technologies on various types of tunneling. Regarding design theory, advancements on numerical analysis, observational design and empirical design are presented.