Evaluation of Vicarious Trauma, Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout in Aid Workers

In this research, it has been tested whether the concepts of vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress and burnout can be distinguished empirically and the variables putting those working with trauma victims at risk from these three experiences have been examined. 150 psychologists, lawyers, social services staff and ambulance staff took part in the study. Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS), Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Scale (PTSSS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBE) have been used. Analyses have shown a moderate relationship between the total and subscale scores of TABS, PTSSS, and MBE. Being young and inexperienced did not appear as a significant risk factor in the development of vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress and burnout. The participants' own exposure levels to traumatic experiences appeared as an important risk factor with particularly regard to the development of secondary traumatic stress. The TABS, PTSSS, MBE total and subscale scores of participants did not vary significantly according to gender and case load. When participants' scores are compared according to occupational groups, it has been established that psychologists might be at less risk than the other groups. The levels of vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress and burnout amongst the participants have not shown a significant variation over time.