Chronic exertional compartment syndrome: a review of the literature

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a serious, yet underdiagnosed condition that can cause severe lower-extremity pain in running athletes. CECS is a transient increase in compartment pressure that can lead to severe pain, paresthesia, and vascular compromise. Understanding the detailed anatomy is paramount to proper diagnosis and treatment. Diagnosis is made with measuring compartment pressures before and after exercise at certain time intervals. When properly diagnosed and treated, CECS can be appropriately managed and patients can return to their previous level of activity. The aim of this review was to familiarize providers with CECS to increase proper diagnosis and treatment with elective fasciotomy. Proper diagnosis and treatment allow patients to return to their previous level of activity without pain.