Comparison of cystatin C-based and creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate in the prediction of postoperative residual hypertension in aldosterone-producing adenoma patients after adrenalectomy

Renal function is associated with postoperative residual hypertension in aldosterone-producing adenoma(APA) patients. Cystatin C-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can more accurately estimate renal function than creatinine-based methods. However, which renal function estimation method can more accurately predict postoperative hypertension in APA patients is still unknown. We recruited 180 APA patients who underwent adrenalectomy. Preoperative creatinine and cystatin C-based GFRs were calculated. Residual hypertension was defined as persistent hypertension > 140/90 mmHg or requiring anti-hypertensive medications 1 year after surgery. Sixty-five(36.1%) of the 180 APA patients had residual hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed a combination of creatinine and cystatin method CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) creatinine-cystatin GFR was significantly associated with residual postoperative hypertension and had the largest area under the ROC curve, which was statistically larger than that of Cockcroft-Gault creatinine-based GFR. In both net reclassification index and integrated discrimination index models, CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin GFR significantly improved the discriminatory power of CG-GFR. Among these renal function estimations used in the presented study, creatinine-cystatin combined GFR was a precise method to predict residual postoperative hypertension in APA patients received adrenalectomy. These finding may help identify those patients with higher risk of residual hypertension after operation.