Association between job strain, mental health and empathy among intensive care nurses

Background: Nursing shortage is a worldwide issue. It could influence factors such as job strain, nurses' mental health and nurse empathy towards patients. Aim: The aim of the study is to explore the associations between job strain, psychological distress, psychological well-being and empathy in intensive care units (ICUs). Design: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires and an observation tool completed by three observers during a standardized clinical simulation (SCS). A total of 26 nurses practicing in three ICUs participated in the study, which took place over 3 days in December 2011. Results: One dimension of job strain, psychological demand, was associated with two subscales of mental health (psychological distress positively and psychological well-being negatively). Positive correlations were demonstrated between psychological distress and nurse empathy as perceived by both the observers and the actor who played the role of patient. Conclusion: Some associations have been confirmed between job strain, psychological distress, psychological well-being and empathy in the ICU while others needs further investigation.