Public open spaces planning for the elderly: The case of dense urban renewal districts in Hong Kong

The elderly population in Hong Kong is relatively concentrated in older districts that face rapid urban deterioration and there is thus an urgent need for urban renewal in government policy agenda. With the problem of land scarcity and development priorities, the quantity and quality of open space is generally far from satisfactory. Furthermore, the need for fostering social well-being for the elderly has not been effectively incorporated into the planning of urban spaces. This study aims to identify the important planning and design criteria of public open spaces for the elderly who, are living in dense older districts in Hong Kong. Questionnaire surveys were conducted in elderly centres and public open spaces in two urban renewal districts. Factor analysis was used to extract the underlying factors in planning of open spaces for the elderly. Through a comparative study of the two districts, having different density, local context, socioeconomic demographics and redevelopment plans, it shows an example of the incomprehensiveness in the concept of "zone separation" in which formal differences in the labels of the two districts having same zoning can disguise similarities, thereby calling for a case-by-case study of the details of the two entities. Thus, it is suggested that responsive planning and design should consider the different urban renewal districts characteristics rather than adopting standardized planning guidelines for all. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.