The Imposition of International Political Gender Quotas: Addressing the "Q-word."

Women constitute 22% of the members of parliaments around the world. Given the slow speed which the number of women in politics is growing, there are increased calls for more efficient methods to reach a gender balance in political institutions. Quotas present one such mechanism. A gender quota mandates that women constitute a certain number or percentage of the members of a body, whether it is a candidate list, a parliamentary assembly, a committee or a government. Unfortunately, because of their usually flawed implementation, quotas become catalysts for a flawed system where facially governments try to improve women's representations, but the women are often met with gender based violence and resistance. This paper explores both the benefits to quota systems as well their limitations. This paper will explore international systems that have implemented quotas as a means to promote women inclusion in the political systems. Part I of this paper will look at the history behind gender quotas. Part II will address the definition of gender quotas and articulate their justification. Part III explores Afghanistan, and case analysis will show how they have managed to justify gender quotas. Part IV analyzes criticisms behind gender quotas and finally Part V will propose ideas for future legislative protections.