Scheduling isolated power systems considering electric vehicles and primary frequency response

The incorporation of renewable energy sources in isolated power systems is being significantly slower than in well-connected power systems. The intermittency and uncertainty of the power output of most renewable power technologies prevent a greater usage of these technologies in isolated power systems, in which the supply security is the major concern. In this paper we formulate a stochastic unit commitment problem that allows the participation of electric vehicles in energy, reserve capacity and primary frequency response markets in order to increase the flexibility of the power system operation. We explicitly consider the uncertainty in the power demand and renewable power availability, as well as accounting for the possibilities of contingencies of generating units using a N-1 security criterion. The proposed formulation is tested on an actual isolated power system comprising 38 generating units and 8 buses. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.