Towards the Implementation of a Versatile Mobile Health Solutions for the Management of Immunization Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria

Immunization against infectious diseases is a lifelong engagement requiring proper record management. In recent times, following the outbreak of COVID-19, it has become imperative that immunization records done locally should be accessible as substantial accessible proof internationally, anywhere, anytime and for future use. Apart from the Electronic Management of Immunization Data (EMID), an initiative of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) in response to the outbreak of COVID-19, that schedules and captures individual's data for COVID-19 vaccination, the management of other Routine Immunization records in Nigeria is presently done manually with each immunized individual given an immunization card as proof of immunization, and for follow up on other doses of the vaccine. This method is not without its plethora of challenges. Leveraging mobile health solutions, especially one that places the individual at the centre will benefit the management of the immunization process in Nigeria. There have been a few mobile solution initiatives in Nigeria to address issues associated with managing the immunization process, but they have been fragmentary and have suffered setbacks. This study takes a holistic approach to the management of immunization and proposes a mobile healthcare technology framework using USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data), Short Message Service (SMS) and Mobile Application (Mobile App) towards the implementation of a versatile Mobile Health Solution for the management of immunization in Nigeria. Existing works of literature were reviewed, and interviews conducted amongst health workers and mobile developers. This framework serves as a launchpad for future mobile system Implementation that will continuously enforce scheduled vaccines, provide accurate population immunization coverage data, and combat vaccine hesitancy through effective communication and community engagement approaches.