The effective production of xylooligosaccharides (XOs) from rice straw was investigated. Rice straw contains rich hemicellulose which can be hydrolyzed by enzyme; the XOs were obtained under hydrothermal conditions. To improve the productivity of XOs, ultrafiltration was chosen to eliminate xylan in the XOs. Under optimum hydrolysis conditions (1000 IU enzyme/g, 35 degrees C, 10% substrate concentration, pH 6.5, 6 h), the DP was the lowest. After ultrafiltration, xylan was eliminated. On the basis of experimental data, an industrial XO production process consisting of pretreatment, enzymatic treatment and purification was designed. Using the designed process, 2.9g dry of purified XO was produced from 50g dry rice straw power.