Activation of mammalian Toll-like receptors by endogenous agonists

被引:116
|
作者
Johnson, GB [1 ]
Brunn, GJ [1 ]
Platt, JL [1 ]
机构
[1] Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
关键词
inflammation; polysaccharides; Toll; endogenous; immunology; innate immunity; mammalian; Toll-like receptors; heparan sulfate; hyaluronic acid; lipopolysaccharide; necrosis; matrix; infection; R genes; Drosophila; enzymatic cascades; coagulation; degradation; pathogen-associated molecular patterns; surveillance; adaptive immunity; metastasis; ischemia; atherosclerosis; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-BINDING PROTEIN; DORSAL-VENTRAL POLARITY; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; NF-KAPPA-B; INNATE IMMUNE RECOGNITION; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; SUBENDOTHELIAL EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; HEPARAN-SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS; MIMETIC SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION;
D O I
10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v23.i12.20
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Toll-like receptors activate innate and adaptive immune systems in mammals. This ancient family of receptors has been evolving since before the taxonomic split between the plant and animal kingdoms. The discovery of the mammalian Toll-like receptors was heralded as confirmation of a predicted biological system explicitly designed to detect exogenous molecules from micro-organisms. However, there is accumulating evidence that Toll-like receptors also detect endogenous agonists, such as the degradation products of macromolecules, products of proteolytic cascades, intracellular components of ruptured cells, and products of genes that are activated by inflammation. Here we review endogenous models of Toll-like receptor activation, a subject of extensive debate. Endogenous activation of mammalian Toll-like receptors may provide key insights for the treatment of multiple conditions, from atherosclerosis to transplant rejection.
引用
收藏
页码:15 / 44
页数:30
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