An imitation learning framework for generating multi-modal trajectories from unstructured demonstrations

The main challenge of the trajectory generation problem is to generate long-term as well as diverse tra-jectories. Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (GAIL) is a well-known model-free imitation learning algorithm that can be utilized to generate trajectory data, while vanilla GAIL would fail to capture multi -modal demonstrations. Recent methods propose latent variable models to solve this problem; however, previous works may have a mode missing problem. In this work, we propose a novel method to generate long-term trajectories that are controllable by a continuous latent variable based on GAIL and a condi-tional Variational Autoencoder (cVAE). We further assume that subsequences of the same trajectory should be encoded to similar locations in the latent space. Therefore, we introduce a contrastive loss in the training of the encoder. In our motion synthesis task, we propose to first construct a low-dimensional motion manifold by using a VAE to reduce the burden of our imitation learning model. Our experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and can be applied to motion synthesis.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.