Using Error Modes Aware LDPC to Improve Decoding Performance of 3-D TLC NAND Flash

3-D triple-level cell (3-D TLC) NAND flash has high storage density and capacity, but degrading data reliability due to high raw bit error rates induced by a certain number of program/erase cycles. To guarantee data reliability, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are selected as the error correction codes in modern flash memories because of strong error correction capability. However, directly adopting LDPC codes induces high decoding latency due to iterative updating of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) information in the decoding process. Increasing LLR information accuracy can greatly improve decoding performance. In this paper, we propose EMAL: using error modes aware LDPC codes for further enhancing the decoding performance of 3-D TLC NAND flash. We first obtain 3-D TLC error modes based on an FPGA testing platform, and then exploit the error modes to optimize LLR information and enable the decoding to converge at a high speed. The simulation results show that the decoding performance is significantly improved, resulting in reduced bit error rates and decoding latency.