A review of recent investigations on zirconia joining for biomedical applications

In this article, selected earlier and current research data have been gleaned in order to provide a general perspective on zirconia. joining at high temperatures, specifically aimed for biomedical applications. Since non-reactive zirconia/metal systems result in low adhesion joints, this article addresses its interest on reactive systems which involve Ti, either as component of brazing fillers or as bulk material in form of Ti or TiAlV. The case of direct bonding of zirconia, with Ti as well as the influence of Ag-Cu, Pt, Au, Ag and Zr as brazing agents in the joining process and the stability of the resulting joint are discussed in detail. The microstructure of the interfaces is presented with regard to biomedical applications and the anticipated mechanical performance of the joints.