Limitation control procedures, required for power plants and power systems Possibility for reducing future blackouts

For maintaining the reliability of interconnected power systems also in cases of extreme power transit the protective system devices should not become active whenever possible. For this reason, it is necessary to provide decentral automatic limitation control procedures, and this not only on the side of power plants, where it has been common practice for many years to keep at least the main manipulated and controlled variables within their foreseen operation areas, but also within the grid to contain the transmission flows of heavily overloaded system components within their maximum allowable transmission capacity. In this respect, manual short-term bottleneck management on the system operation side turns out to be not sufficient enough, in the case of unexpected events caused by increased power transits. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.