Development and characterization of medium and high internal phase novel multiple Pickering emulsions stabilized by hordein nanoparticles

Medium and high internal phase W-1/O/W-2 multiple Pickering emulsions (MPEs) were fabricated by physicallymodified hordein nanoparticles. A triphasic system was developed at dispersed phase volume fraction (F) of 0.5 with an overrun value of similar to 40%. No overrun was detected in high internal phase MPEs (F 0.8). Optical and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the formation of MPEs. Monomodal droplet size distribution with a mean diameter of 32.90 and 21.48 mu m was observed for MPEs at F 0.5 and F 0.8, respectively. Static multiple light scattering confirmed that creaming was the main mechanism behind the instability of MPEs. Both MPEs revealed pseudo-plastic behavior and predominant storage modulus (G') over the applied frequency range. The encapsulation efficiency of vitamin B-12 in MPEs was 98.3% and remained relatively constant during 28 d. These results suggested the excellent potential of hordein nanoparticles as appropriate candidate for designing multistructural colloidal systems using plant proteins.