Global declines in biodiversity create an urgent need to address the impact of infectious disease in the small and fragmented populations that characterize threatened species. However, the paucity of empirical data provides little ability to predict whether disease generally accelerates threatened species towards extinction or becomes less important as populations decline. This study tests whether plant species threatened with extinction exhibit lower disease frequencies and lower overall parasite species richness while also experimentally testing for the effect of physiological disease resistance. Herbarium surveys of the genus Silene revealed that anther-smut disease was significantly less frequent in threatened species than non-threatened species, and this effect was not constrained by the host phylogeny or by physiological resistance. Moreover, analysis across a much broader range of plants (using US Federal designations) revealed that species with endangered status had significantly lower species richness of fungal pathogens than closely-related, non-endangered species. These results support the role of host ecology, rather than physiological resistance or phylogeny, in determining overall lower incidences and diversity of diseases in plant species threatened by extinction. Low disease incidence accompanied by susceptibility in threatened species may result from selection against costly resistance genes in the absence of disease.
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Chicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USAChicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA
Wood, Jordan
Ballou, Jonathan D.
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Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USAChicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA
Ballou, Jonathan D.
Callicrate, Taylor
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Chicago Zool Soc, Species Conservat Toolkit Initiat, 3300 Golf Rd, Brookfield, IL 60513 USAChicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA
Callicrate, Taylor
Fant, Jeremie B.
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Chicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USAChicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA
Fant, Jeremie B.
Griffith, M. Patrick
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Montgomery Bot Ctr, 11901 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL 33156 USAChicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA
Griffith, M. Patrick
Kramer, Andrea T.
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Chicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USAChicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA
Kramer, Andrea T.
Lacy, Robert C.
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Chicago Zool Soc, Species Conservat Toolkit Initiat, 3300 Golf Rd, Brookfield, IL 60513 USAChicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA
Lacy, Robert C.
Meyer, Abby
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Bot Gardens Conservat Int, US Huntington Lib Art Museum & Bot Gardens, 1151 Oxford Rd, San Marino, CA 91108 USAChicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA
Meyer, Abby
Sullivan, Sara
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Chicago Zool Soc, Species Conservat Toolkit Initiat, 3300 Golf Rd, Brookfield, IL 60513 USAChicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA
Sullivan, Sara
Traylor-Holzer, Kathy
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IUCN SSC Conservat Planning Specialist Grp, 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Rd, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USAChicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA
Traylor-Holzer, Kathy
Walsh, Seana K.
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Natl Trop Bot Garden, Dept Sci & Conservat, 3530 Papalina Rd, Kalaheo, HI 96741 USAChicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA
Walsh, Seana K.
Havens, Kayri
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Chicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USAChicago Bot Garden, Ncgauncc Inst Plant Conservat Sci & Act, 1000 Lake Cook Rd, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA