Match-study of statin therapy in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: is the discontinuation reasonable?

BACKGROUND: We analyzed the relationship between statin continuation or discontinuation and outcome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: From a databank with 447 data sets, we selected patients with hypertensive or anticoagulation-related hemorrhage (volume 10-250 mL). Of 323 patients available for analysis, 63 were taking statins. This group was divided into those who discontinued (N.=18) or continued therapy (N.=45). Statin users were matched by age, sex, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) status in 1:4 ratio to nonusers. Mortality after 30 days, 3 months, and 12 months was analyzed using Cox regression. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores at discharge and at least 6 months after ICH onset were recorded. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of patients with continued and discontinued statin use were not different. Patients who discontinued statin therapy were very similar to their matched-cases; however, the control-matched cases for patients who continued statins had lower incidences of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. In multivariate analysis, statin discontinuation was associated with a 6.9-fold (95% CI 2.09-23.13, P=0.002) higher risk of death within the first 30 days after ICH onset compared to patients who continued therapy. Patients who discontinued also had an increased risk of death within 30 days of ICH onset compared to their matched-controls (HR=3.87, 95% CI 1.69-8.87, P=0.001). The continued statin group displayed only a slight reduction in mortality risk after 3 month (HR=0.67, 95% CI 0.37-1.21, P=0.19) compared to matched-controls, but the chance to be discharge with a better neurological (NIHSS<15) was increased among patients with continued statin use (51% versus 33%, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The continued use of statins after an ICH led to a small mortality reduction, whereas discontinuing statins might be related to increased mortality. Randomized clinical trials are needed to define the role of statin use in the management of acute ICH.