Ultra-high-density interconnection technology of three-dimensional packaging

The study of 20-mum-pitch interconnection technology of three-dimensional (3D) packaging focused on reliability, ultrasonic flip-chip bonding and Cu bump bonding is described. The interconnection life under a temperature cycling test (TCT) was at an acceptable level for semiconductor packages. Failure analysis and finite element analysis revealed the effect of material properties. Basic studies on ultrasonic flip-chip bonding and very small Cu bump formation were investigated for low-stress bonding methods. The accuracy of ultrasonic flip-chip bonding was almost the same level as that of thermocompression bonding and the electrical connection was also confirmed. Atomic-level bonding was established at the interface of Au bumps. For Cu bump bonding, a dry process was applied for under bump metallurgy (UBM) removal. Electroless Sn diffusion in Cu was investigated and the results clarified that the intermetallic layer was formed just after plating. Finally, we succeeded in building a stacked chip sample with 20-mum-pitch interconnections. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.