Preparation of Zn-Doped Biochar from Sewage Sludge for Chromium Ion Removal

Recycling and reuse waste can result in significant savings in materials and energy. In this study, the adsorption of Cr(VI) was analyzed using activated carbon (AC) and biochar (BSC) made from sewage sludge. BSC materials were synthesized using zinc chloride as an activator coupled with carbonized sewage sludge. Specific surface area, pore size distribution, and pore volume were determined by measuring nitrogen adsorption-desorption (BET). BSC morphology was measured using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results showed that the surface area and average pore volume of the BSC were 490 m(2) g(-1) and 0.8 cm(3) g(-1), respectively. SEM results revealed that BSC had uniform pore size. Effects of varying the initial Cr(VI) concentrations, pH values, and dosages of BSC on adsorption performance were also determined. Results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was above 99%, and adsorption capacity of 50% ZnCl2-BSC was 677 mg g(-1).