Alterations in phage-typing patterns in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus

The ability of phage-typing and Smal chromosomal RFLPs to conclude appropriate strain relatedness between a collection of 12 well-characterized in vitro-selected vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) strains and their seven vancomycin-susceptible parent strains is reported. Generally, no Smal RFLP alterations were observed in VISA strains when they were compared with their respective parent strains, and clonal relationships between isogenic strains were clearly evident. Unlike the Smal RFLP results, parent strains and VISA derivatives generally did not share similar phage-typing profiles. Depending on the phage set investigated, some VISA strains even became untypable by this method. Loss of phage infectivity is probably due to cell wall (phage receptor) alterations that are expressed by the VISA strains investigated. Collectively, these findings indicate that inappropriate relationships between VISA and vancomycin-susceptible parents might be drawn if only phage-typing and antibiotic susceptibility are utilized to determine epidemiological relationships.