Energy performance of phase change materials integrated into brick masonry walls for cooling load management in residential buildings

Energy demand for space cooling in residential buildings is projected to witness rapid growth, primarily fueled by increasing household incomes in developing countries. To manage this ever-increasing cooling demand, integration of phase change materials (PCMs) in building walls is a potential solution that can reduce the buildings' cooling energy consumption and peak cooling loads. However, to attain the proposed benefits from PCM integration, it is crucial to appropriately select PCM parameters such as its phase-change temperature and positioning in the wall. Thus, this investigation studied the energy performance of PCM integrated brick masonry walls for cooling load management in residential buildings under periodic steady-state conditions to identify the parameters that govern its performance and develop simple design guidelines. The research found that regardless of the amount of latent heat stored by the PCM, the daily heat gains and cooling loads were equal for wall configurations having equal thermal resistances under identical boundary conditions. Furthermore, even with the application of night ventilation, adding a PCM layer to a well-insulated wall did not reduce its cooling load; thus, PCM integration was ineffective in reducing the cooling load. However, the latent heat stored by the PCM reduced the fluctuations in the hourly heat gains and cooling loads; thus, PCM integration was found suitable for peak load management. For the PCM's proper utilization, its recommended position is on the inner side of the wall with sufficient insulation shielding it from outdoor conditions, and its melting temperature should be close to the indoor set-point temperature.