Thai national guidelines for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: March 2010

Thailand has been one of the leading developing countries to implement a national program to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. Although the recent transmission rate has been low, the goal is to eliminate MTCT altogether. The Thai National HIV Guidelines Working Group issued treatment guidelines to prevent MTCT in Thailand in March 2010. These guidelines will be implemented nationwide within a year. The most important aspects of these new guidelines are as follows: Treatment in HIV-infected pregnant women who have not been on antiretroviral treatment prior to pregnancy. Antepartum treatment is recommended for all pregnant women regardless of CD4 count with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) containing zidovudine (AZT) + lamivudine (3TC) + lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). Treatment should be started immediately irrespective of gestational age in women with CD4 count <= 350 cells/mm(3), and as early as 14 weeks of gestation in those with CD4 count >350 cells/mm(3). After delivery, women with baseline CD4 count <= 350 cells/mm(3) are referred for long-term care and HAART according to the National Adult HIV Treatment and Care Guidelines 2010. Women with C D4 count >350 cells/mm(3) do not need HAART and can stop all drugs after delivery. The treatment in infants includes AZT syrup for four weeks and exclusive formula feeding. Treatment in HIV-infected pregnant women who conceive while on HAART. Women who are stable on HAART should continue the treatment during the whole period of pregnancy. Those who are taking efavirenz (EFV) and present during the first trimester should have EFV switched to another drug. Whenever possible, AZT should be used during pregnancy. Treatment in infants is similar to the above scenario. Treatment in women who present in labor without antenatal care. Single-dose nevirapine (SD-NVP) 200 mg must be given immediately along with oral AZT 300 mg every three hours until delivery, or oral AZT 600 mg given as a single dose. The tail therapy of AZT + 3TC + LPV/r for four weeks should be given unless these women have a CD4 count of <= 350 cells/mm(3) and therefore require life-long HAART. SD-NVP should not be given if the women are to deliver within two hours. The infants in this situation should receive AZT + 3TC + NVP for four weeks. Treatment during delivery and mode of delivery. During labor, oral AZT 300 mg every three hours or oral AZT 600 mg given as a single dose is recommended regardless of antepartum antiretroviral (ARV) regimen or the woman's history of AZT resistance. Elective caesarean section is suggested in women who did not receive HAART (including those without antenatal care), received HAART for less than four weeks prior to delivery, had poor adherence, or had incomplete viral suppression at 36 weeks of gestation.