Effect Algebras Are Not Adequate Models for Quantum Mechanics

We show that an effect algebra E possess an order-determining set of states if and only if E is semiclassical; that is, E is essentially a classical effect algebra. We also show that if E possesses at least one state, then E admits hidden variables in the sense that E is homomorphic to an MV-algebra that reproduces the states of E. Both of these results indicate that we cannot distinguish between a quantum mechanical effect algebra and a classical one. Hereditary properties of sharpness and coexistence are discussed and the existence of {0,1} and dispersion-free states are considered. We then discuss a stronger structure called a sequential effect algebra (SEA) that we believe overcomes some of the inadequacies of an effect algebra. We show that a SEA is semiclassical if and only if it possesses an order-determining set of dispersion-free states.