Cerebral infarction after left upper lung lobectomy with central vascular ligation

Background: Thrombus of the pulmonary vein (PV) stump is reportedly more frequent after left upper lobectomy than after other lobectomies, risking postoperative cerebral infarction (PCI). We have performed central vascular ligation before vascular dissection to improve the safety of surgical stapling. The effects of central vascular ligation in terms of PV stump thrombus and PCI are uncertain. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent left upper lobectomy at a single center (Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan) between November 1, 2008 and July 31, 2018. Relationships between PCI, PV stump thrombus and background characteristics were investigated and analyzed. Results: All 208 cases of left upper lobectomy underwent central vascular ligation of the PV during this study. PCI occurred in 8 of the 208 patients. PV stump thrombus was detected in 14 of the 132 patients. In comparison with no-PCI cases, PCI cases showed significantly higher rates of comorbidity with cardiovascular disease (P=0.02), double cancer within 5 years (P=0.04), intraoperative hyperthermic chemotherapy (P=0.02), postoperative intrapleural inflammation (P=0.02) and postoperative PV stump thrombus (P=0.04). Presence of both comorbid cardiovascular disease (odds ratio, 18.4) and intraoperative hyperthermic chemotherapy (odds ratio, 30.4) was associated with higher risk of PV stump thrombus than presence of none of these factors. Cerebral infarction within 30 days postoperatively was seen in only 2 of the 208 cases (1.0%). Conclusions: Central ligation of the PV may prevent postoperative early cerebral infarction. Further study of the effectiveness of this method for preventing PV stump thrombus is needed.