Biomechanical Effects of Posterior Condylar Offset and Posterior Tibial Slope on Quadriceps Force and Joint Contact Forces in Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty

This study aimed to determine the biomechanical effect of the posterior condylar offset (PCO) and posterior tibial slope (PTS) in posterior-stabilized (PS) fixed-bearing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We developed perpendicular to 1, perpendicular to 2, and perpendicular to 3 mm PCO models in the posterior direction and -3 degrees, 0 degrees, 3 degrees, and 6 degrees PTS models using a previously validated FE model. The influence of changes in the PCO and PTS on the biomechanical effects under deep-knee-bend loading was investigated. The contact stress on the PE insert increased by 14% and decreased by 7% on average as the PCO increased and decreased, respectively, compared to the neutral position. In addition, the contact stress on post in PE insert increased by 18% on average as PTS increased from-3 degrees to 6 degrees. However, the contact stress on the patellar button decreased by 11% on average as PTS increased from -3 degrees to 6 degrees in all different PCO cases. The quadriceps force decreased by 14% as PTS increased from -3 degrees to 6 degrees in all PCO models. The same trend was found in patellar tendon force. Changes in PCO had adverse biomechanical effects whereas PTS increase had positive biomechanical effects. However, excessive PTS should be avoided to prevent knee instability and subsequent failure.