Voltage-gated sodium channels are encoded by a family of ten structurally-related genes that are expressed in spatially and temporally distinct patterns, mainly in excitable tissues. They underlie electrical signalling in nerve and muscle. It has long been known that sodium channel blockers are anaesthetics as well as powerful analgesics when delivered at low concentrations. In addition, cardiac arrhythmias and epileptic activity can be treated with sodium channel blockers. As we have learned more about the sub-types of sodium channels and their distribution, new therapeutic opportunities have suggested themselves. There are indications that sodium channel blockers may also be useful in affective disorders and schizophrenia. The production of tissue-specific and eventually inducible knock out mice as well as genetic studies has proved useful in understanding the specialised role of individual types of sodium channels. The development of sub-type specific blockers has proved slower than anticipated, although the properties of naturally occurring toxin blockers suggest that subtype-specific blockers of sodium channels could be very useful clinically in the treatment of pain.
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Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USAUniv Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
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Univ Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Payandeh, Jian
Scheuer, Todd
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Univ Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Scheuer, Todd
Zheng, Ning
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Univ Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Zheng, Ning
Catterall, William A.
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Univ Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
机构:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College
Zhi-mei Li
Li-xia Chen
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机构:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College
Li-xia Chen
Hua Li
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机构:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College