Monitoring Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Causes of Habitat Quality in Yellow River Basin from the Perspective of Major Function-Oriented Zone Planning

The Major Function Oriented Zone (MFOZ) Planning in the Yellow River Basin shows a positive effect on the orderly development of space planning and the construction of regional ecological security. The land use and habitat quality (HQ) in the Yellow River Basin were analyzed and predicted by using Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov model, and the main factors affecting HQ were discussed from the perspective of main function-oriented zones and multi-factor landscape pattern. The results showed that: (1) The basin presented fragmentation trend from the perspective of multi-factor landscape pattern. The middle reaches gradually tended to be fragmented. Landscape Shape Index (LSI) in the upper reaches was regular, while landscape richness of the lower reaches was poor and the dominance degree was not obvious. (2) From the perspective of major function oriented zone, a downward trend of HQ under different scenarios in 2030 was the same as that in 1990-2020, with the best HQ in the middle reaches and the worst HQ in the upper reaches. The spatial distribution pattern shows the characteristics of high-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration. (3) The HQ in upper reaches was affected by complex factors, so the protection of national key ecological function zone should be strengthened. As a key ecological function area, population was the main factor affecting the habitat in the middle reaches. Population density and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were the main factors affecting the habitat in major grain producing zone of lower reaches.