[1] Cleveland Clin, Dept Gen Anesthesiol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
[2] Cleveland Clin, Dept Outcomes Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
[3] Cleveland Clin, Dept Quantitat Hlth Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
[4] Univ Med Ctr Hamburge Eppendorf, Ctr Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Hamburg, Germany
[5] Med Univ Vienna, Dept Anesthesiol, Vienna, Austria
[6] Med Univ Graz, Dept Gen Anaesthesiol Emergency & Intens Care Med, Graz, Austria