Orofacial manifestations of systemic sclerosis: A study of 30 consecutive patients

Introduction. The face is frequently involved in systemic sclerosis. The main stomatologic manifestations include limited mouth opening, xerostomia, skin atrophy, trigeminal neuralgia. The objective of this study was to describe oral and facial manifestations observed in scleroderma patients from our cohort. Methods. Between March and October 2006, a stomatologic consultation was included in the follow-up of scleroderma patients seen during consultation or daily hospital in internal medicine or dermatology units. Demographic, clinical and biological data were collected. Stomatologic examination comprised measure of. the mouth opening, sugar's and Schirmer's tests, orthopantomogram analysis, and evaluation of the repercussion of symptoms on quality of life using a visual analogical scale (VAS between 0 and 10). Results. This study included 30 patients (women 87 %, mean age 58.6 +/- 13.6 years). Mean duration of systemic sclerosis (n = 20 limited cutaneous form, n = 10 diffuse form) was eight years. Stomatologic manifestations were: skin atrophy (n = 28), peribuccal rhagades (n = 25), telangiectasia (n = 21), decreased mouth opening (n = 20), xerostomia (n. = 20), xerophtalmia (n = 16), periodontal ligament space widening (n = 10), bone resorptions (n = 2), trigeminal neuralgia (n = 1). Xerostomia was considered more discomforting (mean VAS = 3.8) than decreased mouth opening (mean VAS = 2.6). Xerostomia was the second more discomforting sign of scleroderma and was significantly associated to the limited cutaneous form (p = 0.045) and to anticentromeres antibodies expression (p = 0.002). Decreased mouth opening was correlated to oesophageal involvement (p = 0.025). Conclusion. Oral and facial manifestations are frequently observed in scleroderma patients. These manifestations lead to major functional discomfort, mainly due to decreased mouth opening that seems to be frequently associated to oesophageal involvement. Xerostomia is also frequent and is commonly observed in anticentromere antibodies positive cutaneous limited forms of systemic sclerosis. Evolution of radiographic abnormalities like periodontal ligament space widening (33 % of cases), or osteolytic lesions (7 %) is poorly known. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.